Habitual markers and their lexical sources across languages
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60923/issn.2785-0943/20272Keywords:
habituality, aspect, grammaticalization, semantic change, typologyAbstract
This paper presents a cross-linguistic study of habitual markers, defined as morphs or constructions expressing that a situation typically occurs. We investigate the frequency, formal types, and likely diachronic origins of habitual markers. On the basis of an areally and genetically balanced sample of 102 languages, we find that habitual markers are cross-linguistically common, being found in at least 57 of the languages in the sample; in 14 of these, more than one habitual marker was found. Affixes are the most commonly reported type of marker, followed by particles and auxiliaries. For the investigation of the diachronic origins of habitual markers, we added a convenience sample of 85 languages and dialects where we knew habituals to be attested. This allowed us to collect a large catalogue of lexical sources of such markers, which includes lexemes meaning ‘know’, ‘do’, ‘like/love’, ‘belong’, ‘be strong’, and various verbs of movement.
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